Articles Posted in Hyperscale

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It seems like such a simple question. Who owns data centers?

Ownership structures in the digital economy are more varied than might appear on the surface. While the largest computing and cloud service providers, such as Apple, Amazon (AWS), Microsoft (Azure) and Google (Cloud)—also known as “hyperscalers”—do own and operate a significant portion of their global infrastructure, they are increasingly partnering with third-party developers and investors, including real estate investment trusts (REITs), to expand capacity and deploy capital quickly and efficiently. This article provides a guide to how the most prominent strategic and financial players are engaging in this sector.

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The rapid growth of electricity demand from data centers has emerged as a major challenge for the U.S. power sector. Much of this demand is being driven by the deployment of large learning models (LLMs) and generative artificial intelligence (AI). These workloads require large-volume, high-uptime computational infrastructure, and correspondingly large, reliable power supplies.

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By one count, worldwide there were some 11,800 data centers in early 2024. Within that census are facilities so small that they fit in office building closets, while others are among the largest manmade structures on the planet. How are we to make sense of this diverse population?

Data centers house servers, storage devices and network devices to store, process and disseminate large quantities of data of organizations and their customers and supply chains. The size and complexity of these facilities vary with their functions in the business ecosystem. Much like the well-known depictions of the evolution of horses from tiny brush creatures to mighty stallions, the overall category cries out to be broken down along multiple dimensions.

This post provides a naturalist’s field guide to data center types and features.

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